A property Encumbrance Certificate (EC) helps buyers and owners confirm that a property has no legal dues or liabilities. Many Indian states now allow users to obtain the EC online through their land records or registration portals.
To apply online, first register on the state portal, such as tnreginet.gov.in in Tamil Nadu, using your mobile number and email ID. Then, go to the Encumbrance Certificate section and fill in details like the property survey number, document number, and the period for which you need the certificate. After completing the form, pay the applicable fee using net banking, UPI, or card. The portal usually processes requests within 2–5 working days. Once ready, download the EC in PDF format. It shows all registered transactions for the selected period.
If online services are unavailable, you can obtain the EC offline from the Sub-Registrar Office (SRO) where the property is registered. Visit the SRO and fill out Form 22 or the designated EC application form. Provide property details, the search period, and a valid ID proof. Pay the required fee via cash or demand draft. The SRO issues the EC as a printed or handwritten document within the prescribed time.
Keep in mind that the EC records only registered transactions. Although the format and processing time vary by state, the certificate carries the same legal validity nationwide. Checking the EC before buying or selling a property ensures the transaction is free from encumbrances and reduces legal risks.
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